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Compare Mozambique (2004) - Marshall Islands (2006)

Compare Mozambique (2004) z Marshall Islands (2006)

 Mozambique (2004)Marshall Islands (2006)
 MozambiqueMarshall Islands
Administrative divisions 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 4,126,178; female 4,074,759)


15-64 years: 53.6% (male 4,944,416; female 5,145,167)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 215,418; female 305,793) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 38.1% (male 11,720/female 11,295)


15-64 years: 59.2% (male 18,305/female 17,445)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 801/female 856) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Airports 158 (2003 est.) 15 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 136


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 34


under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)
total: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Area total: 801,590 sq km


land: 784,090 sq km


water: 17,500 sq km
total: 11,854.3 sq km


land: 181.3 sq km


water: 11,673 sq km (note - lagoon waters)


note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California about the size of Washington, DC
Background Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO steped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network.
Birth rate 36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 33.05 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.089 billion


expenditures: $1.269 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2003 est.)
revenues: $42 million


expenditures: $40 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1999)
Capital Maputo name: Majuro


geographic coordinates: 7 05 N, 171 08 E


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical to subtropical tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt
Coastline 2,470 km 370.4 km
Constitution 30 November 1990 1 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique


conventional short form: Mozambique


local long form: Republica de Mocambique


local short form: Mocambique


former: Portuguese East Africa
conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands


conventional short form: Marshall Islands


local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands


local short form: Marshall Islands


abbreviation: RMI


former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District
Currency metical (MZM) -
Death rate 23.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $966 million (2002 est.) $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON


embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo


mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo


telephone: [258] (1) 492797


FAX: [258] (1) 490448
chief of mission: Ambassador Greta N. MORRIS


embassy: Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro


mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379


telephone: [692] 247-4011


FAX: [692] 247-4012
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE


chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146


FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM


chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-5414


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3236


consulate(s) general: Honolulu
Disputes - international none claims US territory of Wake Island
Economic aid - recipient $632.8 million (2001) $51.1 million more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Economy - overview At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a Trust Fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.
Electricity - consumption 1.39 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 5.8 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 500 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 7.193 billion kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Environment - current issues a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% Micronesian
Exchange rates meticais per US dollar - 23,782.3 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999)


note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%
chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of the legislature


elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held November 2007)


election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Exports NA (2001) $9.1 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish
Exports - partners Belgium 26%, South Africa 14.4%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 9.5%, Germany 8.3%, Zimbabwe 4.7% (2003) US, Japan, Australia, China (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
GDP purchasing power parity - $21.23 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 20.1%


industry: 27.3%


services: 52.7% (2003 est.)
agriculture: 31.7%


industry: 14.9%


services: 53.4% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 7% (2003 est.) 3.5% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 S, 35 00 E 9 00 N, 168 00 E
Geography - note the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is used as a US missile test range; island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific
Highways total: 30,400 km


paved: 5,685 km


unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.5%


highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports NA (2001) $54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners South Africa 26.3%, Australia 9.2%, US 3.9% (2003) US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2004)
Independence 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 3.4% (2000) NA%
Industries food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from seashells, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate total: 137.08 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 142.67 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 131.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 28.43 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 31.93 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 24.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 14% (2003 est.) 3% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Irrigated land 1,070 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts


note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court
Labor force 9.2 million (2000 est.) 14,680 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) agriculture: 21.4%


industry: 20.9%


services: 57.7%
Land boundaries total: 4,571 km


border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 5.1%


permanent crops: 0.3%


other: 94.6% (2001)
arable land: 11.11%


permanent crops: 44.44%


other: 44.45% (2005)
Languages Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages, Portuguese (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language) Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)


note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90
unicameral legislature or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held by November 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA


note: the Council of Chiefs or Ironij is a 12-member body comprised of tribal chiefs that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Life expectancy at birth total population: 37.1 years


male: 37.83 years


female: 36.34 years (2004 est.)
total population: 70.31 years


male: 68.33 years


female: 72.39 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47.8%


male: 63.5%


female: 32.7% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.7%


male: 93.6%


female: 93.7% (1999)
Location South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania Oceania, two archipelagic island chains of 29 atolls, each made up of many small islets, and five single islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT


by type: cargo 3


foreign-owned: Belgium 2 (2004 est.)
total: 795 ships (1000 GRT or over) 30,772,611 GRT/50,987,293 DWT


by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 178, cargo 53, chemical tanker 133, container 147, liquefied gas 25, passenger 7, petroleum tanker 234, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 7, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 5


foreign-owned: 730 (Australia 2, Bermuda 4, Brazil 1, Canada 6, Chile 1, Croatia 2, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Finland 2, Germany 194, Greece 199, Hong Kong 7, Isle of Man 1, Italy 1, Japan 7, South Korea 1, Latvia 7, Monaco 8, Netherlands 1, Norway 65, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 6, Slovenia 3, Spain 3, Switzerland 13, Turkey 20, UAE 3, UK 12, US 143)


registered in other countries: 1 (North Korea 1) (2006)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces no regular military forces; Marshall Islands Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $101.3 million (2003) NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.2% (2003) NA
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 4,335,294 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,485,197 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Nationality noun: Mozambican(s)


adjective: Mozambican
noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)


adjective: Marshallese
Natural hazards severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces infrequent typhoons
Natural resources coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -5.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Political pressure groups and leaders Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general] NA
Population 18,811,731


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2004 est.)
60,422 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.22% (2004 est.) 2.25% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane -
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001) AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0


note: additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein (2005)
Railways total: 3,123 km


narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2003)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons)


domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter


international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits


domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) and mini-satellite telephones


international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 83,700 (2002) 5,510 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 428,900 (2003) 1,198 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 2 (both are US military stations)


note: Marshalls Broadcasting Service (cable company) operates on Majuro (2005)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west low coral limestone and sand islands
Total fertility rate 4.78 children born/woman (2004 est.) 3.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (1997 est.) 30.9% (2000 est.)
Waterways 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004) -
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